India s International Monetary System And Classification...

In this system, each country adopts a certain monetary unit with, more or less, fixed par value, based generally upon its gold content. This par value is made the basis of its exchange rate with other national standard momentary units, and this announced exchange rate remains stable or permanent for some time before it is officially changed. -The Floating Rate of Exchange A country using the floating rate of exchange for its monetary allows its money to be traded in the money market at exchange rates fixed by the daily forces of demand and supply for such money. The monetary unit is allowed to seek its own price level. -The Flexible Par Value System The middle system between fully fixed rates of exchange and the free floating rate of exchange (International Monetary System, 2016) Presenters Notes for Slide 2 (Continue) What is India’s International Monetary System and classification? Reserve Bank of India, the Central Bank of the country, is at the center of the Indian Financial and Monetary system. RBI is among the oldest among the developing countries . It was inaugurated on April 1, 1935 as a private shareholders institution under the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934. It was nationalized in January 1949, under the Reserve Bank (Transfer to Public Ownership) of India Act, 1948 RBI took a leading role in designing and implementing policies for agricultural and industrial development and for laying the foundations for financial markets. 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The 1969 and 1980 s nationalization of banks, bringingRead MoreInternational Trade Rules and Practices Have Worked in Favour of Developed Countries (D cs) but Against Less-Developed Countries (Ldcs) in Recent Decades.† Critically Evaluate This Statement Providing Real-World Examples3549 Words   |  15 PagesInternational Economics Curtin University Assessment 1 International trade rules and practices have worked in favour of developed countries (DCs) but against less-developed countries (LDCs) in recent decades.† Critically evaluate this statement providing real-world examples recent evidence to support your argument. 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OBJECTIVES 1.1 To identify what is public debt and why governments opt for public debt 1.2 To understand the classification of public debt 1.3 To understand the economic implications of public debt To develop a regression model and analyse the impact of certain macro economic factors on publicRead MoreKraft Food Inc1572 Words   |  7 Pagesby the symbol S$. The central bank of Singapore is the Monetary Authority of Singapore, responsible for issuing currency. Singapore established the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore, on April 7, 1967 and issued its first coins and notes. The Singapore dollar was exchangeable at par with the Malaysian Ringgit until 1973. Interchangeability with the Brunei dollar is still maintained. On 27 June 2007, to commemorate 40 years of currency agreement with Brunei, a commemorative S$20 note was

Schizophrenia And Its Effects On Mental Disorders - 992 Words

Schizophrenia While some may understand the concept of not having control over a specific disorder, fewer are able to imagine living with a disorder in which an altered perception of reality is created. â€Å"Schizophrenia is, in fact, a class of disorders that causes a distortion of reality to occur to its patients and effects the lives of many individuals to this day (Feldman, 2013). While this may fall into the large mix of other mental disorders, it is truly unlike any other because of the creation of an altered reality. Being the complex disorder that schizophrenia is, it is faced with having much controversy, including gender, and creating the necessary treatments used on its patients to help overcome such a mental disorder. Though change has been made over the years, schizophrenia is currently being characterized into different symptoms when looking into a diagnosis. These symptoms include hallucinations to occur, delusions, disorganized behavior and speaking, along with other symptoms which can cause either a social or an occupational dysfunction (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Because schizophrenia is actually a class of disorders, there are multiple types within it. The different types of schizophrenia include paranoid, disorganized, undifferentiated, catatonic, and residual schizophrenia (Feldman, 2013). When measuring the severity of the symptoms, patients often use a rating scale for the patients to observe their change in the process (Tandon, 2013). UsingShow MoreRelatedMental Disorder And Its Effects On Schizophrenia1131 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: Schizophrenia is one type of mental disorder .There are three types of symptoms like positive , negative and cognitive. It creates hallucinations, delusions and interacts to thought process of persons. Though it is a treatable but it affects person’s ability in to reality. 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Professional Practice for Scope and Limitations -MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Practice for Scope and Limitations. Answer: Introduction Purpose, Scope and Limitations The report is formulated in order to describe the different types of recruitment strategies of the Australian employers to the students. The employers are using different methods of competitive recruitment and selection strategies in order to select appropriate students from the campus so that they can perform their work more in their field of work. Sources and Methods The sourcing and methods used in selection of the strategies of recruitment and selection of the employers in the country of Australia. The multinational companies select candidates from the universities that are having different types of the department and are well reputed (DePoy and Gitlin 2015). Analysis of the Current Condition Recruitment in Australia Australia is the country where there are many reputed universities that provides higher education to numerous branches of subjects. Both the government and private universities of Australia have well developed system of education that they provide to the students. They use updated curriculum and technologies in order to make the students industry ready. The students not only include the domestic students of the country itself but also to the different international students who comes to study in the Australian universities for their well settled career. Recruitment in the country is widely depended on the economy of the country as well as government regulations (Frasca and Edwards 2017). Recruitment Strategies of the Employees The techniques that are used by most of the employers of reputed companies are psychological testing, behavioural interviewing, internships, Skype interview, usage of LinkedIn profile, networking, video interviewing, group interviewing, etc. They choose among these modes of recruitment as per the type of job they are recruiting. The old techniques of recruitment through letter or resume have been changed into online or digital platforms. New technologies are used in terms of the selection process of the different candidates for respective job positions (Leekha Chhabra and Sharma 2014). Among the other methods of recruitment that are mentioned above the two strategies will be described below. Discussion of the Recruitment Strategies The recruitment strategies that will be discussed in this section are psychological testing and internships. It can be said that employers in Australia frequently used these methods of recruitment in order to check the nature of the candidates. The psychological tests are important in order to check the compatibility of the candidates in the proper field of work. In the tests, there are no right or wrong, there are different types of answers that will help the employers in judging the nature of the candidates (Robinson 2014). It helps in dealing with people and the ability to cope up with the pressure of the particular job. Interviewer through psychometric tests determine the skills and abilities of the interviewees in order to lead the work in a single handed or the power to understand the organizational as well as goals of the field of work they will be doing (Salman et al. 2014). Another mode of recruitment is internships. Many graduate students along with the management students are recruited by the companies as an intern for 2 to 3 months. At that point of time, they will get to learn about the organizational culture as well as the work culture, duties and responsibilities in that particular designation of work. During the time of internships, the performances of the interns are important in terms of their future recruitment. Most of the employers are hoping to recruit the interns who are doing internships for the company if they are performing well because it will help the employers in saving the cost of conducting recruitment for the designation along with the training procedures to the newly recruited candidates (Taylor 2014). Conclusion It can be concluded that the companies of Australia along with the university students both are in competition for their best fit. Employers are in terms of the best fit in the perspective of recruitment whether the university students are in the field of achieving a secured and well established position in a good company for their starting in the career. The above two methods are internships and psychological testing are described in details that have their importance in selecting candidates that are appropriate for the designation of work. Recommendations Recommendations are provided to the university students of Adelaide in order to prepare themselves for different types of recruitment strategies for the employers that will be coming to the campus for the placements. The recommended strategies are: The students must know about the various types of recruitment strategies of the different companies that are present in Australia. Students must have a clear idea about the current knowledge about the affairs happening in Australia and rest of the world regarding their field of education or in that particular field of work (Bryson, James and Keep 2013). Students must have a proper idea about the company and regarding the job description they are going to sit for the interview. Students must be aware of the different processes of the interviews that will be conducted by the particular employee. They must have the particular knowledge regarding their goals and objectives of their life in terms of career improvement (Chaneta 2014). Students should discuss all the process of recruitment selection and other theoretical knowledge with their teachers and other faculties who are responsible for improving their knowledge in the career plans. Bibliographies Bryson, J., James, S. and Keep, E., 2013. Recruitment and selection.Managing human resources. Human Resource Management in transition, pp.125-149. Chaneta, I., 2014. Recruitment and Selection.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,4(2), p.289. DePoy, E. and Gitlin, L.N., 2015.Introduction to research: Understanding and applying multiple strategies. Elsevier Health Sciences. Frasca, K.J. and Edwards, M.R., 2017. Web?based corporate, social and video recruitment media: Effects of media richness and source credibility on organizational attraction.International Journal of Selection and Assessment,25(2), pp.125-137. Leekha Chhabra, N. and Sharma, S., 2014. Employer branding: strategy for improving employer attractiveness.International Journal of Organizational Analysis,22(1), pp.48-60. Robinson, O.C., 2014. Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide.Qualitative Research in Psychology,11(1), pp.25-41. Salman, R.A.S., Beller, E., Kagan, J., Hemminki, E., Phillips, R.S., Savulescu, J., Macleod, M., Wisely, J. and Chalmers, I., 2014. Increasing value and reducing waste in biomedical research regulation and management.The Lancet,383(9912), pp.176-185. Taylor, S., 2014. Recruitment and selection.Strategic Human Resource Management: An International Perspective,10(6), pp.139-14.

Japanese and Hollywood Silent Films an Example of the Topic Film Essays by

Japanese and Hollywood Silent Films Japanese and Hollywood movie makers of the past are among the notable groups that created silent films, filming their early silent films between the end of 1890s and the early years before the 1920s. Both groups have established their indispensable presence in their respective geographical locations and that, although both are widely separated from one another at least in terms of distance, both have served as precedents for the years to come in the movie industry. Need essay sample on "Japanese and Hollywood Silent Films" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Apparently, Japanese and Hollywood silent films also have their differences and these distinctions define their very identities. For the most part, one major characteristic of Japanese silent films that sets it apart from its Hollywood counterpart is the fact that Japanese silent films reflect the eastern view about the importance of man with regard to the natural world. This is greatly attributed to the existing Confucian precepts that dictate the lives of Japanese individuals during those days. As Japanese filming technology during those days were limited, a certain degree of dependency on foreign, especially American, technology was inevitable. College Students Very Often Tell EssayLab writers: Who wants to write assignment for me? Specialists advise: Here Is Your Life Vest! On the other hand, silent films from Hollywood depicted that of the victory of humanity against hindrances and odds portrayed by mere facial expressions against the backdrop of landscape that serves as mans testing ground. This sends the idea that Hollywood generally conceived their silent movies in terms of the existing social conditions during those times which later on served as one of the dominant factors that exemplified the rise of America into power. The major contrast is hence prominentwhile Japanese silent films portrayed the significant status of man in his relation to the world bounded by Confucian principles, Hollywood silent films depicted the struggles of man, specifically Americans, in obtaining a central position in world affairs by taking into account the existing social conditions during those times. References Ong, Jaime S. 'Screening the Past', (updated September 20, 2002). Standish, Isolde 'Mediators of Modernity: Photo-interpreters in Japanese Silent Cinema'.

Free Essays on Societal Response To Television

During the 1960s, television networks and advertisers thought of their viewing audience as just one group of people. They structured their programming around the "normal† values of white, middle-class Americans. Because of this, their programming revolved around the concerns of the nuclear family. Topics such as racism or sexuality were not included in programming and ethnic minorities were excluded, for the most part, from television because they did not fit into the networks' idea of their viewing audience. In addition, profanity and coarse language, which described bodily functions and sexual activity, were also excluded. In 1961 the FCC Chairman, Newton Minow, denounced U.S. television as a â€Å"vast wasteland†. He wanted heightened federal regulation of television. Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey disagreed, he declared U.S. television â€Å"the greatest single achievement in communication that anybody or any area of the world has ever known†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And in 1963 television surpassed newspapers as an information source. A November â€Å"Roper Poll† that year indicated that 36% of Americans found television to be a more reliable source of information, compared to the 24% who favored newspapers. In the 1950’s, only 10% of American homes had a television and by 1960’s the percentage had grown to 90%. In fact, more families owned televisions than telephones. Our American society was hooked! In 1966 an article appeared in the â€Å"New York Times† that stated, â€Å"TV is not an art form or a cultural channel; it is an advertising medium ... it seems a b it churlish and un-American of people who watch television to complain that their shows are lousy. They are not supposed to be any good. They are supposed to make money." American society thought differently, they wanted more. Television had become a part of their daily lives. Today there is much controversy over television and the effects it has on our society. There ha... Free Essays on Societal Response To Television Free Essays on Societal Response To Television During the 1960s, television networks and advertisers thought of their viewing audience as just one group of people. They structured their programming around the "normal† values of white, middle-class Americans. Because of this, their programming revolved around the concerns of the nuclear family. Topics such as racism or sexuality were not included in programming and ethnic minorities were excluded, for the most part, from television because they did not fit into the networks' idea of their viewing audience. In addition, profanity and coarse language, which described bodily functions and sexual activity, were also excluded. In 1961 the FCC Chairman, Newton Minow, denounced U.S. television as a â€Å"vast wasteland†. He wanted heightened federal regulation of television. Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey disagreed, he declared U.S. television â€Å"the greatest single achievement in communication that anybody or any area of the world has ever known†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And in 1963 television surpassed newspapers as an information source. A November â€Å"Roper Poll† that year indicated that 36% of Americans found television to be a more reliable source of information, compared to the 24% who favored newspapers. In the 1950’s, only 10% of American homes had a television and by 1960’s the percentage had grown to 90%. In fact, more families owned televisions than telephones. Our American society was hooked! In 1966 an article appeared in the â€Å"New York Times† that stated, â€Å"TV is not an art form or a cultural channel; it is an advertising medium ... it seems a b it churlish and un-American of people who watch television to complain that their shows are lousy. They are not supposed to be any good. They are supposed to make money." American society thought differently, they wanted more. Television had become a part of their daily lives. Today there is much controversy over television and the effects it has on our society. There ha...

Requisitos de la tarjeta de pasaporte y beneficios

Requisitos de la tarjeta de pasaporte y beneficios La tarjeta de pasaporte una alternativa ms econà ³mica al pasaporte que pueden utilizar los ciudadanos estadounidenses para regresar a Estados Unidos. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre las caracterà ­sticas de la tarjeta de pasaporte o passport card, para quà © sirve, cà ³mo se aplica para obtenerla, cul es el costo y su vigencia. Adems, cules son las reglas especiales que aplican a los nià ±os. Para quà © sirve la tarjeta de pasaporte o passport card La tarjeta de pasaporte es uno de los documentos vlidos admitidos por las autoridades migratorias para probar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense y asà ­ permitir el ingreso a los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, sà ³lo se admite su utilizacià ³n en los pasos migratorios por tierra o barco y cuando el punto de origen del viaje es Mà ©xico, Canad, Bermudas o el Caribe. Es decir, no es un documento admisible para utilizar en ningà ºn aeropuerto.     Caracterà ­sticas de la passport card Las tarjetas de pasaporte cuentan con os siguientes elementos: Tiene un tamaà ±o semejante al de una licencia de manejar y se puede guardar en el billeteroTienen un chip que hace difà ­cil su falsificacià ³nEl chip no contiene informacià ³n personal del titular, sà ³lo un nà ºmero que al llegar a la frontera a una base de datos y permite al ciudadano americano regresar a su paà ­sEs muy fcil de leer por los equipos fronterizos, que pueden procesar al mismo tiempo todas las tarjetas de los ocupantes de un mismo vehà ­culo, lo que favorece la fluidez del trfico en la frontera y reduce los tiempos de espera.  ¿Cà ³mo se solicita la tarjeta de pasaporte? Llenando  por internet en documento DS-11  en el caso de no tener un pasaporte de libro vlido o tambià ©n en el caso de menores. A continuacià ³n es necesario presentarse en un Passport Aceptance Facility que puede ser una oficina de correos, la corte de Justicia e incluso una biblioteca para que acrediten la veracidad de toda la documentacià ³n. Si se tiene en la actualidad un pasaporte clsico de libro que est vigente, entonces corresponde llenar el documento DS-82 (puede obtenerse en el enlace anterior, simplemente buscando entre todas las opciones de formulario por ese nà ºmero especà ­fico). Este es el documento que tambià ©n aplica en los casos de renovacià ³n de la tarjeta de pasaporte. Al llenar ese documento se puede simplemente solicitar la tarjeta de pasaporte. Lo importante es marcar la opcià ³n correcta. Cul es el costo de la tarjeta de pasaporte Cuando se solicita por primera vez y sà ³lo la tarjeta de pasaporte el costo es de $55 para los mayores de 16 aà ±os y de $40 para los menores de dicha edad. Para los casos de renovaciones el costo es de $30 si se hace por correo. Si se aplica al mismo tiempo por un pasaporte de libro y por una tarjeta el costo actualmente es de $165 para los que solicitan por primera vez y tienen ms de 16 aà ±os, Para los menores de dicha edad el coste es de $120. Cunto tiempo se demora la tarjeta de pasaporte Como regla general todo el proceso de tramitacià ³n de la tarjeta de pasaporte se demora entre 6 y 8 semanas. Sin embargo, es posible solicitar un servicio urgente previo pago de otros $60 que hay que sumar al costo regular de la tarjeta. En estos casos todo el proceso se demora entre 2 y 3 semanas. Vigencia de la tarjeta de pasaporte Son vlidas por 10 aà ±os cuando se emiten para un ciudadano de 16 aà ±os o ms y de 5 aà ±os para los menores. Especificaciones para el caso de tarjetas de pasaporte para nià ±os Los nià ±os pueden tiene su propio pasaporte americano o su tarjeta o ambos documentos. En casos muy especà ­ficos los ciudadanos americanos pueden ingresar a Estados Unidos con documentacià ³n distinta al pasaporte clsico y a la tarjeta de pasaporte, particularmente los nià ±os cruzando una frontera terrestre (Mà ©xico y Canad). En el caso de nià ±os que viajan sà ³los o con sà ³lo uno de sus padres estos son los documentos que deben tener para asegurar que no hay problemas en el cruce de aduanas americanas. Verificar cules son los requisitos del otro paà ­s del que procede el nià ±o o al que viaja. Por ejemplo, un nià ±o americano que sale de EEUU sin la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de sus padres porque va a Mà ©xico a ver a sus abuelos. En Mà ©xico pueden pedir que enseà ±e documentacià ³n adicional al pasaporte americano para permitirle el regreso, ya que se tienen que asegurar de que no est siendo secuestrado. Por à ºltimo, la solicitud de los pasaportes para nià ±os est sujeta a requisitos adicionales para darle mayor seguridad al proceso. Informase aquà ­ sobre reglas de pasaportes para menores, como  presencia del nià ±o en la oficina en que se solicita, quà © hacer cuando los padres no estn de acuerdo sobre sacar el pasaporte al nià ±o o no se sabe dà ³nde est uno de los padres. Cruce de frontera y otros posibles problemas Adems de tener un documento vlido para regresar a Estados Unidos, como lo es por ejemplo la tarjeta de pasaporte, hay que tener presente que las reglas sobre quà © se puede traer a Estados Unidos aplican tanto a ciudadanos como a residentes como a turistas o titulares de visas y de este modo evitar sorpresas desagradables al regresar a casa. Otro problema que puede surgir con la tarjeta de pasaporte es que se extravà ­a o sea robada. En estos casos hay que seguir inmediatamente el mismo procedimiento que se hace con el pasaporte y comunicar el problema. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal

Biology2.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology2.1 - Essay Example sion of the virus to humans occurs as a result of human contact with an already infected fowl as well as contaminated surfaces (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, par. 13). By definition, transmission is the spread or passing of a contagious infection from one person to another or from a contaminated surface or animal to humans. Contamination is very likely to occur in Asia due to poor hygiene amongst Asians contributed by high population. In these areas therefore, a pandemic is most likely to occur when birds are infected. In laymans terms, a pandemic is an outbreak. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention notes that the mortality or death rate as a result of a Bird Flu infection is between 90-100 per cent in most cases in forty eight hours (par. 3). This virus can pose a global threat if it changes to a form that can enhance or enable its transmission from one human being to another (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, par. 15). Bird Flu replicates through a lytic cycle. Lytic cycle is whereby the virus invades the genetic material of the host animal and subsequently exploit the host cells to reproduce till the cells rupture hence killing them. In comparison, the virus in a lysogenic cycle reproduces without killing the cell (Brooker 379). Once a pathogen, in this case the virus attacks the human, the body reacts through adaptive immunity whereby it is able to identify the virus in case of re-infection and immediately produces antibodies that starts to attack the virus to destroy or kill it. The cells responsible for this process are B-cells and T-cells. T-cells kills the cells infected with the virus and trigger production of cells referred to as interferon that slows down its reproduction (Nathanson 88). To treat viral infections, antiviral drugs to prevent replication of the virus can be administered or drugs to kill the infected cells without killing the host (Nathanson 238). Flu vaccines are made using dead viruses. These dead viruses

Research Design Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Design - Research Proposal Example The statement helps the reader to understand the reality that the failure of a number of children to learn to read and write during the initial stage of their schooling has become a serious problem. Many of the children in America and the Asian countries have faced difficulty in learning various language skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The journal article named Illiteracy in America: What to Do about It notices that â€Å"But the fact t hat so many Americans graduate without these basic reading and writing skills points to the breakdown of this l adder out of illiteracy and underscores the point that it may be the condition of education that is the real determinant of illiteracy.† (Illiteracy in America: What to do about it? 1989). It is evident that the social, economical, and cultural factors play a vital role in promoting literacy problem among the students. The Primary and Secondary level students from both the rural and urban areas have faced the problem of literacy in their learning process. Researchers and educational professionals often mentioned that learning or knowledge acquisition is a complex process. Sentence formation is considered as a major step in language learning. Here, the teacher shows some pictures and objects and asked the students to say what they have observed. Educational philosophers have formed a number of learning theories and techniques for students. â€Å"In the past several years, the constructive thesis has taken on a significant role in the theorizations and practices of the international education community.† (Larochelle, Bednarz & Garrison, 1998). Exponents of social constructive theory argue that; â€Å"According to Vygotsky, humans use tools that develop from a culture, such as speech and writing, to mediate their social environments.† (Social development theory (Vygotsky), 2008). Students show

Gold Rush Effects on Gender Essay Example for Free

Gold Rush Effects on Gender Essay l These are the famous last words of men who had ventured into California to partake in the Gold Rush, only to realize a yearning to see their family. Many men underwent the hardships and the sacrifices in order to strike rich in this gamble, many men succeeded while many more failed. Often forgotten are the families that remained back home while the husband, father, or brother went west to strike gold. The families that endured sacrificed Just as much and ached for their safe return home. Commandments were created in order eassure both the miner and his wife while he undertook the expedition west. These commandments laid down a set of rules that should be followed in order to live a functioning and overall moral life while separated and in unknown environments. The Miners Ten Commandments focuses heavily on how miners should treat each other, how duties should be performed, and how to deal with the anxiety of being separated from ones family. However, The Wifes Commandments focuses primarily on how the husband should act and lists a strict set of rules he should follow in order to remain in good standing with the wife. It is extremely interesting to see how the commandments compare depending on the gender. The Wifes Commandments was first published on March 27th, 1849, in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, a newspaper. The article is filled with rules that strictly dictate the miners life. Some of them are so strict that they seem silly by demanding a grown man to abide by them. The twelfth commandment is Thou shalt not stay out later than nine oclock at night. 2 The author or authors of this work are almost being satirical by listing bed times for these men. The intended audience of this work is lmost certainly women back in the east who have husbands who were contemplating Journeying west in search of gold. The article is also worded very plain and is straight to the point. These commandments would be very reassuring, giving comfort that their husband would remain well and faithful. The Miners Ten Commandments is structured differently; having the focus of the piece on how to conduct work and not listing demands for the wife back at home. James M. Hutchings published The Miners Ten Commandments in 1853 in the Placerville Herald newspaper. Hutchings was actually born in England but moved to United States in 1848. He partook in the Gold Rush of 1849 and succeeded, becoming a wealthy miner. His commandments were so popular that he was able to publish his own magazine, Hutchings California Magazine, with the profits. However, Hutchings commandments that paint a picture of the gold rush and the community created as very principled, goal focused, and problem free. Hutchings was a chief promoter at Yosemite National Park so his work could be bias, trying to persuade travelers to go to California in order to partake in the gold rush. Nevertheless, his commandments erve to keep the work being performed by the miners fair and honest and to act as a guide for new miners. The wording of his article is very formal and reminds the reader of the Ten Holy Commandments, perhaps as a way to paint a picture of a Calitornia tree ot sin. It also addresses their tamilies and now to comtort themselves when they miss home. If we can ignore the apparent biases of the times and take the reading for what is presented, we see a very peculiar way both set of commandments are created. The Miners Ten Commandments is heavily focused on the actual daily life associated ith mining, such as preparing rations for the week and possible conflicts among miners. 3 While The Wifes Commandments is almost entirely focused on the husbands actions in California related to cheating, gambling, and drinking. There is no mention of how the wife should conduct her life, a direct opposite to the Miners Commandments. It is obvious that there were different standards for men and women at the time of the Gold Rush. By comparing specific commandments, we can see the different intentions that were perceived by each group. In The Wifes Commandments, it states hat Though shalt not take into thy house and beautiful brazen image of a servant girl, to bow down to her, to serve her, for I am a Jealous wife. 5 This entry shows that the wife is extremely concerned about her husband being unfaithful during their time separated. This is understandable for the time; the temptation of prostitutes and brothels in the mining towns were a reality. However, when reading The Miners Ten Commandments it is apparent that the author did not feel the necessity to include a commandment on avoiding lustful temptations. The commandment that onfronts staying faithful is more optimistic than presented in The Wifes Commandments. But thou shalt consider how faithfully and patiently she awaiteth thy return; yea and covereth each epistle that thou sendest with kisses of kindly welcome-until she hath thyself. 6 This entry reveals that the miner did consciously think about the sanctity of their marriage, did it addresses the problem not by listing rules, but by showing morality. The towns and camps that the miners lived in during the Gold Rush were questionable at best. Many men did not have permanent shelters and slept in tents, ome skilled craftsman such as the French were able to construct cozy little cabins to reside in, but t he majority of the housing was not as quant. None of the men had real skills with cooking, growing a garden, or mending clothing. They could hunt, but that was not sustainable. The Miners Ten Commandments acted as a guide for which men could turn to when in need. Six days thou mayst dig or pick; but the other day is Sunday; yet thou washest all thy dirty shirts, darnest all thy stockings, tap thy boots, mend thy clothing, chop the whole weeks firewood, make up and bake they bread, and boil thy pork and beans. 7 Without any knowledge on the domestic skills needed to survive, one can see how a miner thrust into California would be at a loss; the commandments aid in organizing a miners life and providing him with a solid foundation for survival. After seeing The Miners Ten Commandments, it is strange to see how The Wifes Commandments do not discuss how to keep the home going without the man around to provide. It only discusses rules for the man, and does not even reassure the woman of the love that her husband has for her. The commandments by the wife are not truly applicable to life back home or in California. The miners rules include: Though shall not steal a pick, or a shovel, or a pan from thy fellow-miner; nor take away his tools without his leave. 8 This a realistic problem that must be addresses, but a major concern in The Wifes Commandments include, Thou shalt not chew tobacco. 9 It is pretty shocking to see the difference in content and what each gender views as important. The miners tended to show more trust towards their wives by not listing a set of rules that must be obeyed by them. The list created by the wives could be renamed The Miners Commandments as seen by the Wife and it would be more itting. The Miners Ten Commandments and The Wifes Commandments reveal the expectations of the time for miners who ventured west in search of gold. Both set of commandments were primarily concerned with the actions of the miner, and not as much on the actions of the wife back home. One would think that wives being thrust into new circumstances would need Just as much guidance to survive and exceed as their husbands do. But there is an intentional focus on the miners. Perhaps it is the exposure to new opportunities and dangers that must be confronted that demands a et of commandments created by a veteran miner as well as a set created by worrisome wives with the best intentions of the family as the driving force. Whatever the case may be, there is an obvious concern for the well being of the family. All of these commandments act in order to preserve their well-being. Historian H. W. Brands said, California presented to people a new model for the American dream† one where the emphasis was on the ability to take risks, the willingness to gamble on the future. These risks however could be minimized by a careful adherence to the rules presented in both of these sets of commandments.

From Boy to Man :: Example Personal Narratives

From Boy to Man It was December 26, 2002, a day that will live in my mind forever. I had just gotten my license three days before, and all I could think about was driving around with my friends and enjoying the thought that I was actually free to go wherever I wanted, and whenever I wanted. My vehicle was a 1994 Dodge. It was the family car that had been passed down. It had gone through my father, brother, and finally down to me. It was a fine piece of machinery, to me anyway. The stereo had five stations but no tape player. The van had cruise control, but that took a long time to work. I would usually have to try it four or five times before I could ever get it to work. It had snowed a couple of days before, so the roads were okay, but they still had some snow and ice on them. Since I had my license for three days, I had already been through all the weather that God could throw at me, so I knew that I was a driving expert. All the times before, in driver's ed., I had driven in the rain, in nice weather, mostly anything, but I was not prepared for what was going to happen on this day. I picked up two of my non-driving friends because I was considered to be cool now that I could drive around without my parents. We decided that we should go to McDonald's to celebrate my achievements. I had my normal #9 with a Coke, and I forget what they got, but that's really not important. After McDonald's we decided to go out and just be teenagers, which included driving around, looking for chicks to drool over, and all the while I am thinking, "Why didn't I get my license at age 12? This is a breeze." We went out to McNeil Road to go by my old school, just to laugh at it, but something went wrong. Since it had snowed a couple of days before, the roads were worse than I had ever encountered during driver's ed. The snow was blowing back and forth on the road.

Injustices during the progressive Essay

During the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, there were a lot of injustices in the United States. The Progressive Movement, which began in the late 1800’s attempted to bring about government reforms and correct injustices in America. One example of the problem in the U.S. was over population of the American cities. More and more people began to move cities from rural areas for jobs. As you can see in Document I, the cities were overcrowded and the infrastructure could not hold up with the influx of people moving to urban areas. The people lived in overcrowded housing developments that were dirty and poor. There was also abuse in industries. This was exposed by Upton Sinclair (Document 2). One of his most well known novels was The Jungle, which showed the abuse in the meat packing industry. He uncovered how the people would take extremely spoiled meat and use it as sausage or put it in to a can. They also used all parts of the meat and even rats were found to be in the meat. By writing this book, Sinclair was able to expose the corruption in the industry of meat packing, and Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act. A position change brought about the declining numbers of children between the ages of ten and fifteen who worked. In Document 3, you can see by the chart that the number of children working decreased by 6.8% from 1890 to 1920. Children were often used as cheap labor and were abused greatly. The government was able to reduce the number of working children under sixteen during this period of time because many states passed children labor laws. Around this time, big businesses came to power. As shown in Document 4, there were many abuses in businesses. The people who ran and formed these industries/trusts/businesses, such as Andrew Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Henry Ford. They acted like the big bosses and held control of much of the U.S. industry. In Document 5, Teddy Roosevelt explained how he felt about how these big businesses (oil, steel, copper, etc.) should be regulated if they are only in it for the money and power. Teddy Roosevelt became known as  a â€Å"trust-buster† because he enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act. During the late 1800’s the Progressive Party was formed. They wanted to bring about change in the U.S. One of their main goals included the reforming of industries. In Document 6, their platform is partly shown. Under their platform, they wanted to prevent accidents, diseases acquired on the job, and unemployment. They further wanted to have better health and safety centers, and minimum wage. In 1913, the 17th Amendment was added to the Constitution (Document 7). When the Constitution was first written in 1787, the senators were elected by legislators. In order to make the selection of senators more democratic, the 17th amendment was added. It said that senators would be elected by people from each state, not by the legislature. This is why we now have candidates that campaign for seats in the senates to the people. By adding this amendment to the Constitution, it made the U.S. more democratic. Women suffrage also took place during this time. People like Susan B. Anthony (Document 8) and Elizabeth Cady Stanton worked and campaigned for women to be allowed to vote. Susan B. Anthony used the preamble of the Constitution to argue her case. She stated that the Constitution said â€Å"We the people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  not ‘We the men†¦'† She said the Constitution was written for all people, not just men. Her efforts eventually paid off, and the 19th amendment was passed in 1922 allowing women to work. In conclusion there were many injustices in the U.S. from the late 1800’s to the early 1900’s. The Progressive Movement help to bring about more change as did the government. Teddy Roosevelt tried the limit the abuses of big businesses, and women suffrage was granted, and the meat packing industry was exposed. With each time comes problems but with activists some are changed and reformed. During this time period, there were a lot of injustices and issues, many of which were discovered, addressed, and reformed.

Customer Insight

CDWP Competency Framework for the Customer Insight Profession Delivering a Professional Service Delivers a professional service that contributes to organisational effectiveness by: Delivering a Customer Focused Service Develops and delivers customer-led services by: Analysing, Improving and Changing Analyses and uses evidence to inform improvement and deliver change by: Managing People and Performance Manages people and resources, and applies project and programme management techniques, to achieve high performance and value for money by: Building Capability LeadingBuilds capability to meet current and future business needs through continuous learning and by communicating in ways that support productive working relationships by: Developing Knowledge and Skills Develops knowledge and skills to meet current and future business needs. Leads by example to deliver business results by: Knowing the Business Understands the organisation and its customers and how customer insight can contribut e to improved services for customers. Responding to Customer Needs Seeks to understand customer requirements and deliver services that are responsive to diverse customer needs.Providing Excellent Customer Service Meets customer needs through excellent customer service. Analysing and using Evidence Uses information to understand performance and make decisions. Deploying People and Resources Effectively Uses resources flexibly and creatively in ways that promote diversity and support the principles of sustainable development. Delivering Results Manages performance to deliver business objectives and meet performance standards. Managing Finance Monitors and manages finances to ensure value for money.Demonstrating Integrity Demonstrates integrity at all times. Demonstrating Customer Insight Expertise Understands customer insight tools and techniques and uses them to generate insights which lead to an improved service and experience for DWP customers. Improving Performance Continuously Se eks and implements ways of improving performance. Working Collaboratively Works collaboratively in ways that value diversity and add to efficiency. Providing Direction Provides and communicates clear direction to achieve DWP strategic objectives.Building Customer Insight Capability Establishes effective stakeholder relationships and contributes to an increasing capability across the organisation for insight generation and application. Engaging with Change Implements change in support of DWP strategic objectives. Communicating with Impact Communicates in ways that promote understanding and maintain confidentiality. DWP Competency Framework for the Customer Insight Profession Delivering a Professional Service Knowing the BusinessUnderstands the organisation and its customers and contributes to its success by: †¢ Performing in a way that demonstrates understanding of their role within customer insight; †¢ Working in ways that supports the aims, visions and values of the organ isation in being an exemplar of customer service; †¢ Understand what’s most important to DWP customers and the role customer insight plays in developing the customers’ service experience; †¢ Working in ways that support learning from customer feedback; †¢ Working in ways that meet the requirements of the DWP Customer Charter.LEVEL Analysing, Improving and Changing Analysing and Using Evidence Delivering a Customer Focused Service Responding to Customer Needs Investigates, understands and responds to the needs of customers – internal and external – by: †¢ Using appropriate questioning techniques; †¢ Building and maintaining excellent relationships with customers; †¢ Responding to customer feedback; †¢ Treating all customers fairly and with regard to diverse needs.Uses information to assess progress and make decisions by: †¢ Identifying and interpreting relevant sources of information; †¢ Organising information i n a way that helps analysis; †¢ Extracting and presenting information appropriately. 1 Demonstrating Customer Insight Expertise Demonstrates expertise by: †¢ Maintains awareness of relevant customer insight tools and techniques; †¢ Giving colleagues and customers a positive impression of themselves and the organisation; †¢ Using information to inform customer insight decisions and making improvements within their area of ork; †¢ Providing soundly based advice to inform actions in response to customer issues, such as complaint handling/ redress. Providing Excellent Customer Service Delivers excellent customer service by: †¢ Using skills and resources to deliver the best possible service; †¢ Dealing with customer requests, queries and problems; †¢ Meeting customer service standards and requirements. Improving Performance ContinuouslyLooks for better ways of working to improve performance of self and team by: †¢ Reviewing own performance to identify areas for improvement; †¢ Considering a range of approaches when determining how to do things better. Building Customer Insight Capability Builds trust with stakeholders by: †¢ Maintaining a working knowledge of relevant customer insight activity being conducted; †¢ Maintaining a working knowledge of complaints handling/redress policy; †¢ Taking pride in their work, the service they offer and the benefits for the customer; †¢ Demonstrating a proven track record for customer service, delivery and capability.Engaging with Change Helps make changes work by: †¢ Seeking clarification if unsure about reasons for change; †¢ Supporting the implementation of change by making constructive suggestions; †¢ Helping others during times of change and respecting their rights to different views and ideas. DWP Competency Framework for the Customer Insight Profession Managing People and Performance Delivering ResultsKnows what is required in their day t o day work and takes responsibility for working to a consistently high standard by: †¢ Agreeing role requirements with those they report to and work with; †¢ Planning and managing day-to-day workload to meet agreed targets and deadlines; †¢ Consistently applying policies and procedures that are relevant to the role; †¢ Recognising and reporting risks to the successful completion of work; †¢ Making best use of the available technology and ensuring security of personal and other official information.LEVEL Leading Demonstrating Integrity Building Capability Developing Knowledge and Skills Develops the knowledge and skills needed to meet the requirements of the job and the objectives of the team by: †¢ Understanding their own strengths and development needs, taking into account feedback from others; †¢ Seeking new and better learning and development opportunities, including those available as part of their daily work activity; †¢ Applying and shar ing skills and knowledge learned; †¢ Giving constructive feedback to colleagues. Displays integrity and honesty by: †¢ Keeping promises and fulfilling commitments; †¢ Being able to admit when they have made a mistake; †¢ Building relationships which balance achieving the task with an appreciation of others’ needs. Deploying People and Resources Effectively Makes best use of own time and other resources by: †¢ Monitoring how their time is used and proposing more efficient ways of working; †¢ Reducing wastage and encouraging others to do the same; †¢ Considering the environmental impact of their actions.Working Collaboratively Adopts a business-like approach to working relationships that respects diversity and contributes to effective team working by: †¢ Listening and responding positively to people with differing views and opinions; †¢ Providing honest and constructive feedback and challenging negative behaviours; †¢ Working wi th others to achieve team objectives; †¢ Responding appropriately to diverse needs of others. Managing FinanceHelps to achieve value for money by: †¢ Applying relevant financial and procurement procedures; †¢ Considering value for money of all their actions; †¢ Raising relevant queries on financial reporting. Communicating with Impact Communicates clearly taking account of individual need by: †¢ Adapting communication style to the needs of the audience; †¢ Presenting own views clearly and building on the views of others; †¢ Safeguarding personal and other sensitive, official information.

In the gutter and other good essays

In the gutter and other good essays In the gutter and other good places The award winning film documentary In the gutter and other good places by Christine Richey is a multi-spectral view of three Calgary dumpster diving bottle pickers. The film traverses the ordinarily drawn stereotype of the homeless pickers of Calgary, and provides another compassionate standpoint on the choices and circumstances that have embodied their current predicament. Richey selects three very different street people for her story all with their unique backgrounds. Challenging assumptions about street people and their image to society, we are introduced first of all to Ron who has a masters degree in engineering sciences and was an senior employee for Gulf Oil earning $33,000 until alcoholism caused him to resign, we are then introduced to Colin a highly educated 22 year old man with a Russian accent. Collin himself has made the choice to be a bottle picker because of a combination of his mothers death and his views towards society. Upon his mothers passing Colin received $90,000 in inheritance and was to pursue an interest in electrical engineering, however Colin refuses to touch a dime out of his account stating harrowely that this is the way lives and is the way he wants to live What do I want? I would like to get myself out of the financial sector... maybe all the way into the financial gutter and Garbage its the number one industry in Nor th America and Im in the number one business. Finally we have jean who returned home one night as a married man to find that his wife had abandoned him and taken his two young children this led Jean to alcohol and nearly twenty years later on the street as an older bottle picker with kidney and liver problems. In summation, Richey sought to educate the Canadian populous of the backgrounds of the bottle pickers to show that they are not static shells that they have substance and a ...

Free Essays on Blake Quote

In The Book of Thel, Robert Blake makes the claim, â€Å"Everything that lives, lives not alone, nor for itself.† The quote suggests all living entities depend upon each other in some way, for their continued existence. Life, unto itself, is a chain consisting of many links. Each link relies upon another for its strength and durability; such is the case with nature. Even in the remotest of species, one will inevitably trace a relationship between them. A bee, though humans consider it bothersome or threatening, is considered necessary to plant life. A bee is the vehicle that carries many plants’ means of reproduction. A daisy, for example, lures the bee with its sweet scent. Thereafter, the bee travels to one’s backyard, where he or she is found swatting it away. The bee then lands on another daisy, ensuring that next spring, one will have a bouquet to pick from Perhaps the bothersome bee, will not be so hastily swatted next time. The example of the relationship between human and bee, is not far removed from relationships between humans. It is easy for many people to succumb to narcissism. After all, only they know what is truly occurring in their minds, and only they know what is meant by their actions. However, people affect each other on a daily basis in some way; positively or negatively. Unfortunately, many of these links to each other go unnoticed as often as the links are formed. A Volkswagon commercial provides a fitting example. The television ad begins with an attractive woman greeting a man on the street, with a warm smile. The man, obviously uplifted from this encounter, notices a napkin falling from a table where two more people are sitting. The man graciously picks it up and the couple smile at him in thanks. Still smiling, the couple look up at a young man walking past them. The young man, catches the infection from the couple and thus, smiles in turn. At this point, if the example occurred... Free Essays on Blake Quote Free Essays on Blake Quote In The Book of Thel, Robert Blake makes the claim, â€Å"Everything that lives, lives not alone, nor for itself.† The quote suggests all living entities depend upon each other in some way, for their continued existence. Life, unto itself, is a chain consisting of many links. Each link relies upon another for its strength and durability; such is the case with nature. Even in the remotest of species, one will inevitably trace a relationship between them. A bee, though humans consider it bothersome or threatening, is considered necessary to plant life. A bee is the vehicle that carries many plants’ means of reproduction. A daisy, for example, lures the bee with its sweet scent. Thereafter, the bee travels to one’s backyard, where he or she is found swatting it away. The bee then lands on another daisy, ensuring that next spring, one will have a bouquet to pick from Perhaps the bothersome bee, will not be so hastily swatted next time. The example of the relationship between human and bee, is not far removed from relationships between humans. It is easy for many people to succumb to narcissism. After all, only they know what is truly occurring in their minds, and only they know what is meant by their actions. However, people affect each other on a daily basis in some way; positively or negatively. Unfortunately, many of these links to each other go unnoticed as often as the links are formed. A Volkswagon commercial provides a fitting example. The television ad begins with an attractive woman greeting a man on the street, with a warm smile. The man, obviously uplifted from this encounter, notices a napkin falling from a table where two more people are sitting. The man graciously picks it up and the couple smile at him in thanks. Still smiling, the couple look up at a young man walking past them. The young man, catches the infection from the couple and thus, smiles in turn. At this point, if the example occurred...

Are alternative energy sources the answer to ending human dependence Research Paper

Are alternative energy sources the answer to ending human dependence on oil - Research Paper Example People who argue that alternative sources cannot end human dependence on oil show skepticism towards alternative energy sources. They argue that no significant breakthrough is yet to come, and therefore it might not be possible for the world to end its dependence on oil. Both schools of thoughts have different arguments for their point of view. In this paper we will explore arguments given by both the sides in great detail, and will try to conclude whether alternative sources of energy can, in fact, end human dependence on oil or not. Alternative Energy Sources Can end Human Dependence on Oil In this section we will present arguments given in favor of the alternative sources of energy. Firstly, this school of thought highlights the dangers of pollution, which is a consequence of our dependence on oil. Alternative sources of energy should be appreciated because they can significantly reduce pollution that is a direct consequence of oil. Using oil as a source of energy is extremely har mful for the society and therefore alternative sources of energy should be explored. Natural oil also creates problems for the environment and makes life difficult for the people in general. Many skin and lung diseases are common in people who live in highly polluted regions. This is all because of human dependence on oil. The impact of dependence on oil is extremely harmful for the sustainable world. Many oil companies are busy extracting oil reserves that are beneath the seas and oceans. This causes problems for the sea life and is detrimental for underwater animals. Sea pollution also affects human economy as fishing is a source of income for a large number of people all over the world. This is another dangerous consequence of increasing dependence on oil. All these points are made by people who support alternative sources of energy in order to make the world realize about the dangers of use of oil. They believe that people in general have long been fixated with the idea of using oil as energy without realizing its dangers. It is therefore vital, according to this school of thought, to make people understand dangers of oil use. There is a lacking of belief that alternative sources of energy can replace oil, and this is why alternative sources of energy are not popular today. Dangers of oil are presented as argument in favor of alternative sources of energy. Another argument made by supporters of alternative sources of energy is that there is already technology available that can reduce human dependence on oil. They argue that in fact today we can use alternative sources of energy to reduce human dependence on oil because the technology is already available. For example solar energy, electrical energy, wind energy, and bio fuels are good alternative of oil , and all of them can play a role in decreasing pollution, associated with use of oil, significantly. All the above mentioned sources of energy are renewable sources and technological advancement is consta ntly lowering the cost these sources making it feasible (Turk & Bensel, 2011). This is quite an argument given by people who favor the use of alternative sources of energy. They argue that technology is already available and its feasibility is also improving every day, and this is why alternative sources of energy can play a significant role in reducing human dependence

The Persuaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Persuaders - Essay Example The 2004 presidential campaign is also made a part of this video to explicate how the two persuaders, the Republicans and the Democrats, tried to take maximum advantage of innovative techniques to attract and persuade voters on basis of their individual demographic profiles. However, the catch-22 is that with more fierce bombardment of marketing techniques, it has also become increasingly harder to get consumers to respond to them. It is implied that as the marketing claims continue to become more sophisticated, consumers also continue to get more cynical. This has prompted refinement of old techniques by the persuasion industries to reestablish a bond between Americans and various brands. The video shows that in order to establish a magical and long-lasting connection with consumers, many brands have begun to use very surprising techniques like hiring of linguists and brain researchers as brand managers. Such brand managers seek to awaken the hidden desires of consumers by their magical words to influence their decision making when they go to a store to buy a certain product. Although they strive to create an emotional connection between consumers and their brands, there is much debate on whether these connections could be held real. My personal opinion is that often such brand managers, instead of honestly explaining the real message and promise behind the brand, only mean to manipulate consumers, misguide them, and tarnish their tastes. It is not uncommon for consumers to get lost or carried away while listening to these brand managers work their magic with their words. For example, the reality can turn out to be drastically different after buying a product and dis covering the contrast between its real value and the value promised by brand managers earlier on. I use an Apple iPhone and I can demonstrate well how the relatively new marketing trend, in which consumers are persuaded by brands to buy a product to

Trisomy 18 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Trisomy 18 - Essay Example The incidence of the condition during first trimester scanning is 1 in 400 (Chen, Emedicine). There is a strong female predominance with more than 80 percent of the detected cases being females. The condition does not have any racial predilection(Chen, Emedicine). 95 percent of pregnancies with trisomy 18 embryos spontaneously abort. Of the remaining which are born, only 5-10 percent survive beyond the first year of life. Thus, the mortality rate of this condition is very high. The mortality rate is because of the severely malformed organs like the heart, kidney and the brain, feeding problems, high rates of infection and breathing difficulties. The longest survival reported for this condition so far is 27 years (Chen, Emedicine). The condition is detectable in the prenatal period. Some of the features which point to the possibility of trisomy 18 are maternal polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios, very small placenta, single umbilical artery, intrauterine growth retardation, fetal distress, defective fetal reflexes and decreased fetal activity. In the postnatal period, the clinical condition is obvious because of the array of clinical features. The new born usually has generalized hypotonia, apnea, jitteriness and seizures. The child will have marked failure to thrive, recurrent apnoiec episodes and poor feeding (Chen, Emedicine). On examination several organ defects will be obvious. The child may have defects of the skull manifesting as microcephaly, wide fontanellaes, prominent occiput, elongated skull or even narrow bifrontal diameter. Facial deformities include microphthalmia, micrognathia, microstomia, short palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, choanal atresia, periauricular tags, and narrow palatal arch. S evere skeletal deformities exist including growth retardation, radial hypoplasia, clenched hands, syndactyly, rocker bottom feet, narrow pelvis, talipes equinovarus, etc. Typical of the clenched fingers include "overlapping digits, with the second and

Monastic spirituality in the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

Monastic spirituality in the 21st Century Essay In the 21st Century, it could be said that monastic spirituality in an outdated concept. In the contemporary world we live in today, it has become increasingly difficult to live obedient to the Churches teaching. Some people would argue that there should be no real set of moral codes, and that the Church should not have such high authority. This contrasts to the Celtic Monks belief that Nothing must be refused in their obedience; to be Christs true discipleit will not be pleasing to the Lord. In society today, people dont see a need for a moral code. They make their own subjective decisions about what is right and wrong from them, and dont accept religious or government law. Grove argues People do not see the Church as having a real relevance in their everyday lives, and therefore do not recognise its authority in everyday matters. Some sociologists have said that it is this belief that has led to religious organizations watering down their beliefs to accommodate many beliefs, in the hope that this would make their religion more popular. However, in actual fact this can often lead to the religious organization becoming less popular, as they may lose the devoted members, who arent looking for a watered down religion. Pope Benedict said that relativismdoes not recognise anything as being certainits highest goals are ones own ego and desire. Relativism is the belief that concepts such as right and wrong, goodness and badness, or truth and falsehood are not definite and that they alter in different cultures and situations. It could be described as the cherry picking for faith. An example of this would be ignoring the rule of no contraception, for promiscuous reasons. An other common example would be the issue of sex before marriage. The Celtic monks had a huge sense of Divine Will that had to be obeyed. Saint Columbanus reminded us of this by saying by strict obedience shall the monk show his love of God. Many of these traits, that the monks found so admirable, have been lost in todays society. Monks believed that community was better than the individual, and that when we do something, it should be for the sake of the community, rather than for the sake of the individual themselves. The monks saw obedience as responding to Gods call. We can see a huge lack of obedience to God by looking at the large decline in vocations in recent years. In 2008, in Dublin, only three people were ordained into the priesthood. There are many reasons for this, a main possibility being the recent scandal the Church has been involved in in recent years. In 1968, 95% of Catholics went to mass. By 2004 this amount had dropped to a mere 50% (BBC Newsline). These figures support the view that as Christians, we no longer feel compelled to be obedient to God. This can relate back to what Pope Benedict described as The Culture of Relativism. Another debated issue is the importance of chastity and sexuality in our society today. Saint Columbanus said a monks chastity is indeed judged by his thoughts. He said that they were not only judged by sexual relations, but by the purity of the mind, and the sexual desires that they experienced. This view contrasts greatly to the view of society today. In our modern society, people are often sexually objectified. An estimated average of 75% of prime television shows include content of a sexual nature, and in soap operas it is estimated that extra-marital sex is referred to two out of three times every hour. This is because the television companys know that in todays society, sex sells. It is no longer thought of as a big deal, and there has been a massive increase in sexual promiscuity. This has led to a big increase in sexually transmitted diseases, which are becoming increasingly difficult to control. It also meant a big increase in the amount of unwanted pregnancies. Unlike monastic living which promoted the selfless giving of ones self to the community, we have adopted a hedonistic, narcissistic attitude. We have become our own lust. Michael Maher points out that the standards in Celtic monasteries are severe, particularly in the area of sexual morality. For many today, the idea of chastity is an outdated concept and is problematic for the future of the priesthood in the Catholic Church. This would lead me to believe that in regard to this aspect of monastic life, monastic spirituality could very easily be perceived as outdated in the 21st Century. Brigid of Kildare had a preferential option for the poor. She vowed to the king of Leinster, If I had all your wealth, I would take it and give it away to the poor, So Brigids monastery in Kildare, became known as the City of the poor. Aidan of Lindesfarm also expressed solidarity to the poor, when he gave away the kings gift of a horse to the first beggar he met saying Surely this son of a mare is not more important to you than that son of man. However, the Church didnt always share the same view. Leondardo Boff argues that the Church became an abstract speculation removed from the original spirit of the Gospel message, and out of touch with real life. The Church has been criticised for siding with the vested interest, and in its history has even been involved in colonisation and the removal of land from the peasantry, in its commitment to obeying the laws of the land. Richard Woods reminds us that justice and chastity were the main hinges of Celtic social action. This is another way, in that it could be said that monastic spirituality is an outdated concept in the 21st Century. Views that should be had today have slowly died off, and have left places worse off. However, Bishop Casadaliga reminds us that as long as there are poor people in the world, and as long as there is a God who cares for the poor, there will be a need for a theology of Liberation. The spirit of Liberation Theology is very much evident in Celtic Monasticism in many ways, from the care of the poor and the sinner, to the welcoming of the stranger. Hospitality was always extremely generous in the monasteries, and any stranger who came was very well looked after. In 2004, 19% of asylum seekers were allowed to find refuge in Britain, while 78% were turned away. The Celtic monks in their openness to all, especially the weakest turned no one away. This shows another way that Monastic Spirituality could be considered an outdated concept in 21st Century life. In conclusion, it would appear that Monastic Spirituality is in fact an outdated concept in 21st Century living, with our lackadaisical views on chastity and sexuality, and our selfish views on poverty, it seems that Monastic Spirituality has been lost, and I believe it would be in the Catholic Churches interest to try and retrieve some of this monastic spirit.

Drug Testing is Not a Violation of Individual Rights Essay -- Drugs Ar

Every day companies lose millions of dollars due to employee drug use. Athletes break world records with gargantuan strength, but not on a fair scale. Drugs ruin the lives of users and cause injury to those who must work with users. Detection by officials is necessary to curb this problem. When does the safety for others violate the rights of drug users? Drug testing, whether in the workplace or on the athletic field, is not a violation of civil rights. "In 1988, the National Institute on Drug Abuse estimated that 12 percent of full-time employed Americans between the ages of 20 and 40 used an illicit drug" (Goldburg 62). Twenty percent of the 14.5 million Americans who use drugs are employed. This fact has convinced many that drug testing at the workplace should be mandatory (Goldburg 51). Sixty percent of the major corporations in America require drug testing as a condition of employment (Goldburg 50). Steven Mitchell Sack asserts that "Experts estimate that more than 50 percent of the major corporations in the United States now engage in drug and alcohol screening before hiring new employees; such tests are on the rise, particularly in high technology and security-conscious industries" (41). Because of such frequent testing, the number of applicants who test positive is down to under five percent (Sack 41). Not only do the companies pay the price for drug users, but so does the public. The public pays higher prices due to lost productivity from work-related accidents and job absenteeism caused by drug abuse (Goldburg 51). The average drug user is three times as late as fellow employees and has 2.5 times as many absences (Sack 141). A drug user is five times more likely to file a worker's compensation ... ...earche. July 1991:52. Goldburg, Raymond, ed. Taking Sides. Guilford, Connecticut: Dushkin, 1993. Huxford, Andrea. "What You Need to Know About Drug Testing in the Work Place." Netscape. http://www.charm.net/~trade/s/stein/index.html Levy, Leonard W., ed. Encyclopedia of the American Constitution. New York: Macmillan, 1992. O'Brien, David. "Rx for Disaster." Sun-Sentinel. 14 July 1991: 52-54. "Policy of Clarkson Construction Company." Pamphlet. No other information given. Preferred Alliance. "The Road to D.O.T Compliance" Netscape. http://www.preferredalliance.com/ Sack, Steven Mitchell. From Hiring to Firing. New York: Legal Strategies, 1995. Wornsnop, Richard L. "Athletes and Drugs." CQ Reasearcher. 26 July 1991: 513-519. Zigarelli, Michael A. Can They Do That? A Guide to Your Rights on the Job. New York: Lexington, 1994

How Upholding Ethical Values Helps an Organisation

HOW UPHOLDING ETHICAL VALUES HELPS AN ORGANIZATION THAT USES INFORMATION SYSTEMS? INTRODUCTION In order to understand the role of ethical values and the related ethical codes of conduct with regard to information systems in organization performance, there is need to put the, whole affair in a broad context as to the rise of ethical issues and dilemmas in the management of systems for organizational performance and development.Information systems has been defined as â€Å"a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, retrieve and distribute data or/information in an organization referred to above facilitates decision making and control in an organization† The data or information referred to above facilitates decision making and control in an organisation and hence being crucial to organizational management and performance.It can therefore be said that the system of managing the collection, processing, storage, retrieval and distribution of data and information is what is termed as Management Information Systems. Infact Management Information Systems is about the relationship between management and the operations of an organization. When you think about this assertion, three things stand out; How IT or information systems improves the management of an organization How IT or information systems helps in the improvement of organizational performance How IT contributes to organizational developmentThe fact of the matter is that the rapid growth of Information Technology and hence the use of information system has contributed significantly to organizational management, improvement in organizational performance and organizational development in general. The rapid advancement in IT has led to creation of INTERNET and the rise of the DIGITAL FIRM. While significant achievements in social progress have been recorded, at the same time, it has led to social costs for other users, and the rise of computer crimes.Infect the rapid advancement of IT and the attendant use of information systems has created ethical issues and this is due to the following; I. T changes the distribution of decision making rights, power and other resources. For example IT makes it possible for millions of people to download video files weakening the exclusive rights of movie studios to control distribution for their own profit. IT creates new opportunities to commit crimes. For example e-mail creates conditions for extensive â€Å"Phishing† or online con games designed to defraud ordinary citizens.In this era if IT and the expansion of computer usage, ethical values for good management information system can be looked at in relation to the following ethical moral dimensions. Information rights and obligation – this is about ourselves as human beings and organizations Property rights and obligation – this is the protection of intellectual property rights Accountability and control – this pertains to who will be held accountab le in case harm is done. Systems quality – standards of data and systems quality.Quality of life – this is in connection with in the preservation of values and culture WHAT IS ETHICS Ethics refers to the principle of right and wrong which people use to make choices to guide their behavior and actions in the operations for organizational performance It is necessary here to reflect on some key technological trends which have led to ethical issues in information systems; Computing power doubles every 18 months. Almost everything is computerized. The over dependence on computers us giving rise to errors.As computer usage increases its use if being abused Rapidly declining data storage costs. Modern computer techniques have led to the creation of multiple databases. Software’s have become cheap and this led to some people to store phonographic material. Data making advances – the use of high speed search engines has led to things like harking. It has led to va luated access to information and hence interfering with people’s privacy and the confidentiality of organizational information and data is at stake. Advances in networking including the INTERNET – This has led to increased computer crime.Thus, as we witness increased technological advancement and the increased use of information systems, concern must be put on the attendant rise of computer crime and other ethical issues, ethical concerns and dilemmas in this era of globalization. Therefore organizations using information systems must concern themselves with the need to put in place ethical codes of conduct and enforce them with emphasis on inculcating into the minds of their employees the use of ethical values in their day to day work for the proposer management of their organizations and managementHOW THE USE OF ETHICAL VALUES CAN HELP AN ORGANISATION WHICH IS USING INFORMATION SYSTEMS Upholding ethical values in an organization using information systems is of benefi t to both within and outside stakeholders. That is To outside stakeholders, the organization gives assurance to its clients of security and confidentiality of their data. Hence the integrity of the organization is reaffirmed. Ethical values are used to assure people of fair and free judgment thus transparency in operation. Ethical values emphasize law and order which affect the behavior of employees in a desired direction.For example workers of an ethical upright organization would not spend working time moonlighting since they are aware of illegality involved in using organization resources for private work. Ethics controls dilemmas. For example it is not certain if software fits in intellectual property law since it is a code created by mathematical texts (Severson 1997 p. 33). Hence in such incidences the law would work best with morality. Ethics is used for consistent decision making at all levels of management in the organization because everyone would be aware of what is accep ted or not.For example someone from an ethically upright organization was asked to steal funds using the electronic fund transfer would immediately say no because he or she would know is wrong without putting too much thought on the benefits of stealing. Through upholding ethical values, trust among employees is established since they are assured of confidentiality. This in turn brings a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization. By ensuring ethical values, the security is made certain since the organization ensures that the hacking is illegal and punishable especially in incidences of uncertainty.Fair presentation ensures honesty and fairness in the market to avoid law suits despite the pressure to succeed. This encourages whistle blowing in order to avoid negative publicity that may tarnish the image of the organization in the public eye. For† example it is unethical for an organization to bribe a worker from a competitor company to be their informer on the compe titor’s plans. Ethical values act as a driving force to achieving organization goals and objectives thus increasing productivity.That is ethics provides basic guidelines on which behavior is more likely to achieve the best results in the wrong run instead of mixing wrong and right. An organization upholding ethical values controls misuse of organization resources. For example if the organization considers download if internet material like movies, music for personal gain as un ethical, then its workers may not do that and this would minimize wastage of internet data. Upholding ethical values would create a conducive working environment which would create team work and sense of belonging for the workers.This reduces chances of corruption and malice as everyone would look out for each other from bottom to top and top to bottom. This also reduces supervision of workers thus providing opportunities for innovation. For example in an ethically upright organization, the manager may enjoy leave away from work without worrying about decline of profits in his absence. REFERENCES C. A Raiborn&D. PayneCorporate codes of conduct: A collective conscience and continuum. Journal of Business ethics. 9:879-889, 1990.

Dickens uses language Essay

When Mrs Gradgrind passes away in chapter nine, Dickens uses language to create sadness. Victorians loved sadness and tragedy in books and the portrayal of her death is done very emotionally. She is firstly described in the chapter as â€Å"helpless† and â€Å"feeble† to which the reader empathises with her. All people hate to see people they love and cherish grow old and weak and Dickens is brilliant in displaying the image of this. â€Å"The poor lady was nearer truth then she ever had been† This shows how Dickens disliked the utilitarian system, stating that Mrs Gradgrind’s nearest point of truth was on her death bed. As well as showing Dickens’s view, it also saddens the reader to know how close to death she is. On being told that â€Å"Lady Bounderby† had arrived, she retorted that â€Å"she had never called Bounderby by that name since he married Louisa† and that her choice of name for him was â€Å"J†. This will take the reader back to when she had no idea what to call him, and the memory is a nice one which again makes it sadder that she is dying. It also shows that she has not changed and is still the woman she used to be. She seems to â€Å"have no pulse†, but when Louisa kisses her hand, she can see â€Å"a thin thread of life† left in her. This description is again emotional as it shows how little life there is left in Mrs Gradgrind. Within the conversation between Louisa and her mother, Mrs Gradgrind often goes very â€Å"silent† for periods of time and has an â€Å"awful lull on her face, like one who was floating away on some great water† and â€Å"content to be carried down the stream†. This clever piece of descriptions meaning is that Mrs Gradgrind is slowly allowing herself to be carried into the â€Å"abyss† of death. But Louisa â€Å"recalls her† to ask what it was she wanted to speak to her about. The use of this river terminology is used again as Louisa again tries to stop her mother from â€Å"floating away†. Mrs Gradgrind is troubled because of what Louisa has not learned. She has learnt all the â€Å"ologies† from â€Å"day until night† but there is â€Å"something that her father missed,† She asked Louisa for a pen but â€Å"even the power of relentlessness had gone†. Even so, she â€Å"fancied that her request had been complied with and that the pen she could not have was held in her hand†. From this she began to â€Å"trace upon her wrappers†. It is very sad to see how Mrs Gradgrind is finally seeing the truth and wants Louisa too to see it but she cannot tell her and â€Å"the light that had always been so feeble and dim behind the weak transparency, went out† The figurative language used to describe both her weakness and death creates a solemn, melancholy surrounding and although she was never made to be a character the reader was so fond of, it is still saddening that she has passed away. It ends with a quote of religious terminology from the Psalm, Mrs Gradgrind â€Å"emerged from the shadow in which man walketh and disquieteth himself in vain†. This quote has a definite platonic reference to it as in Plato’s analogy of the cave, the prisoners who have seen shadows all their lives (which symbolise the visual world) needed to escape from the illusion created by their senses and find the truth. Throughout this section of the book, Mrs Gradgrind is said to be â€Å"closer to the truth then ever before† and â€Å"emerged from the shadow† so the Platonic reference is defiantly there. Mrs Sparsit resented Louisa from the moment she accepted the proposal from Mr Bounderby. It had been her plan all along to marry Mr Bounderby but this had been taken from her and her envy towards Louisa was immense. In chapter ten, Mrs Sparsit’s envy and grief are shown to be getting out of control and she, in her mind â€Å"erects a mighty staircase† that she believes Louisa to be on. At the bottom is a â€Å"dark pit of shame and ruin† and â€Å"down those stairs, from day to day and hour to hour, she saw Louisa coming†. Her physiological instability can be seen as she becomes obsessed with this ides, â€Å"it became the business of Mrs Sparsit’s life, to look up at her staircase, and to watch Louisa coming down†. If Louisa had once turned back, â€Å"it might have been the death of Mrs Sparsit in spleen and grief†. Mr Harthouse was a big part of this scheme, as he seemed to be â€Å"wooing† Louisa and the more time she spent with him, the closer she got to the bottom. â€Å"Mrs Sparsit had no intension of interrupting the descent† and was â€Å"eager to see it accomplished†. â€Å"She kept her wary gaze upon the stairs, and seldom so much as darkly shook her light mitten at the figure coming down. This scene does not bring sadness to the reader, but instead a certain amount of empathy to Louisa. She seems to be in the crossfire of everyone yet she is one of the most innocent of all. As she has rarely experienced emotions due to her â€Å"ology† filled bring up, she does not know how to react to Mr Harthouse who except in kindness as she believes he is being kind and honest to her. Yet his plan is to seduce her, and this is not out of love or passion, but to give him a challenge to fulfil. Mrs Sparsit wants her to fall into a pit of â€Å"shame and ruin† out of her own jealousy yet again, Louisa has no knowledge of this and has done nothing wrong to provoke it. There is a definite repetition throughout the chapter of Louisa’s â€Å"downfall† from the top to the bottom of the stairs which shows that, although patient, Mrs Sparsit is in no way stable and is becoming more and more addicted to this allegorical image in her mind. She watches Louisa like a hawk, waiting for her to make a mistake and get â€Å"nearer and nearer to the bottom†. In chapter twelve, Louisa goes home to seek her father. The chapter is bares huge turning points in the book as it marks the spark of emotion ignite in Louisa and Mr Gradgrind see the error of his system. The storm outside creates a pathetic fallacy with the mood inside the room. Louisa is described as â€Å"dishevelled†, â€Å"defiant† and â€Å"despairing† which is a shock as she has never had such vast emotive descriptions until then in the book. She first states to her father that â€Å"he has trained her from the cradle,† It is sad to see that she uses the word trained instead of loved or cherished as it makes her sound more like a dog then a daughter to him. She then bursts out with â€Å"I curse the hour in which I was born to such a destiny†. Her emotions have been unleashed and she is now angry, in despair and confused of what to do. She is dishevelled and has returned home to question her father on her life and its meaning. This is not sad for the reader, but it is very traumatising for Louisa which again creates empathy for her as she has finally realised the error in how she has been brought up. She asks him â€Å"Where are the graces of my soul? Where are the sentiments of my heart? What have you done O father, what have you done with the garden that should have bloomed once?† This metaphoric language shows her outburst of imagination and her exercise of â€Å"fancy†. She is asking him where is the love and emotion she does not have, and what he has done to stop her â€Å"strive against every natural prompting that has arisen in her heart†. Mr Gradgrind is â€Å"so unprepared† that he has difficulty answering and when he does, it is only to say â€Å"Yes, Louisa†. She goes on to say that she does not â€Å"reproach† him, as â€Å"what he has never nurtured in her, he has never nurtured in himself†. This creates a lot of respect and empathy for her as she is not condemning her father after all the years of no emotion and too much learning. It can be seen that this strive to teach him his errors is making an effect as he â€Å"bows his head upon his hand and groans aloud† and calls her â€Å"poor child†, realising the mistakes he has made. She asks him whether he would have â€Å"doomed her† to a life of loneliness or â€Å"robbed her† of how she should have been had he nurtured her differently if he could see how she would turn out. She then states that if he had ignored and hated her, how better off she might have been as she would have been â€Å"free†. She has been won over to the world of imagination and fancy. Throughout the chapter, he moves to support her as she is letting herself out and he actually begins to give her attention and love as a good father should. It is ironic that his child who he has taught his system to is the child who shows how insensible it really is. To conclude, Dickens uses language and dramatic disasters to create sadness throughout the second book. In 1854, the time at which the book was written, people loved romantic tragedy and trauma which the second book has with both Rachel and Stephan, and Mr Harthouse and Louisa. The death of Mrs Gradgrind is another tragedy which Dickens portrays well and is very emotional. He uses the metaphor of life as a river in which we all just drift down until the end and these uses of language as well as others he uses throughout the book are methods which Dickens uses to sadden the reader. The final scene in which Louisa lets out her emotions upon her father, condemning the day she was born and questioning his motives which lead her to be so dispassionate.